Tag: America’s Saints

A young Italian woman seeking a consecrated life simply would not take no for an answer when the Daughters of the Sacred Heart denied her request to enter their order. Despite her frail health — the reason she was denied — the young Maria Francesca Cabrini (1850-1917) would not be deterred from accomplishing the greatness God had in store for her. Motivated by deep faith, Cabrini did something rare for a 24-year-old woman in 19th century Italy: She established her own religious community.

Responding to the needs of her local diocese, Cabrini was asked to manage an all-girls school and boarding house with five companions, all of whom desired religious life.

As they lived and worked together for three years, Cabrini conducted them in a novitiate, resulting in their profession of vows in 1877 and the establishment of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Cabrini composed the rule of the new missionary order and remained superior general until her death.

At her profession of vows, Cabrini adopted Xavier as a secondary name to reflect her devotion to the revered Jesuit missionary, St. Francis Xavier, the great apostle to the Orient. And so, unsurprisingly, Cabrini contemplated bringing her new order to evangelize that region.

During an audience with Pope Leo XIII, she consulted the pontiff about her desire to evangelize the Orient, but she received an unexpected reply: “Not to the East, but to the West.” With that, she prepared to set out for America and begin her order’s mission.

Arriving in New York City in 1889, Cabrini and her sisters were not deterred from getting right to work despite the many difficulties and hardships they faced. Much-needed support from New York’s Archbishop Michael Corrigan helped Cabrini establish several institutions in a city ridden with poverty, including an essential orphanage and other roles such as teaching parochial catechism lessons.

St. Frances Xavier Cabrini constantly sought to give more to God all her life. Cabrini’s missionary zeal could not be contained in New York; she established more than 67 institutions of health care, education and social services throughout North and South America and Europe. Requests for Cabrini and her sisters to establish schools, hospitals and orphanages came from American cities such as Chicago, Seattle, New Orleans, Denver, Los Angeles and Philadelphia, and she did not disappoint. She always seemed to be on the move. Cabrini was known also as something of a miracle worker in her day, most notably in the case of the portentous discovery of a spring on the site of a summer camp-turned shrine now dedicated to her in Golden, Colorado.

A lifetime of tireless, selfless and often harrowing missionary work took a toll on Cabrini. Hoping for a simpler life and fresh leadership for the order she founded, Cabrini announced retirement plans in 1910, which were quickly dashed when her sisters throughout the world wrote to Rome asking that she be secured as their mother general for life. Pope St. Pius X agreed, the request was granted, and Mother Cabrini, as she still affectionately is known today — a title perhaps more familiar than “saint” — labored in her missions with the love of a mother until her death on Dec. 22, 1917, in the Chicago hospital she founded.

Cabrini’s holiness was revered even during her life, and she was canonized fewer than 30 years after her death by Pope Pius XII in 1946. Known and loved for her amazing missionary work, it is perhaps most timely to meditate on her example of work among immigrants; Cabrini herself became a naturalized American citizen in 1909.

As Pius XII implored at her canonization, may St. Frances Xavier Cabrini beg from God that “public, private and international relations will be regulated not by unbridled desire for selfish advantage, but in justice and equity, restoring mankind the true peace from which the common good flows. Amen.”

St. Frances Xavier Cabrini is a patron saint for immigrants, and her feast day is Nov. 13.

Michael Heinlein is editor of Simply Catholic. Follow him on Twitter @HeinleinMichael.

Like so many others in the litany of America’s saints, Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos was filled with missionary zeal. His boyhood desire to follow in the footsteps of his namesake — the patron of missionaries, St. Francis Xavier — led Seelos to spend his life leading many souls to the Lord though preaching and the sacraments. And his saintly example continues this work today, as Pope St. John Paul II prayed when beatifying Seelos in 2000, “Today, Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos invites the members of the Church to deepen their union with Christ in the Sacraments of Penance and the Eucharist.”

The German native was baptized on the day of his birth in 1819. Early on, Seelos felt called to the priesthood. After entering the seminary, he became familiar with the Redemptorist order, known for works of evangelization and care for the poor. Seelos was moved by letters he read from Redemptorist missionaries in America who told about the great need for spiritual
care among the German immigrants. Seelos decided to offer his life to join in this noble work.

Seelos arrived in New York City in 1843, and he completed the Redemptorist seminary and novitiate in Maryland. He was ordained a priest the following year at St. James Church in Baltimore. He spent eight months there before his first assignment at St. Philomena Church in Pittsburgh. There he served alongside St. John Neumann, and the young priest was greatly influenced by his saintly pastor. Of Neumann, Seelos wrote, “In every respect, he was a remarkable father to me … he guided me as my spiritual leader and confessor.” Seelos quickly showed leadership abilities and was named the order’s novice master.

Cheerful and kind, Seelos always was smiling. He enjoyed a good joke and wasn’t afraid of humor. Devotion to prayer and dependence on the will of God also characterized Seelos. Quickly developing a reputation as an ideal pastor, Seelos was known for his empathy and understanding as a very popular spiritual director and confessor. His confessional became known as a place of forgiveness and mercy, open to all who wanted divine healing. “I hear confessions in German, English, French, of whites and of blacks,” Seelos said.

After leaving Pittsburgh, Seelos was assigned to various parishes in Maryland and to the formation of Redemptorists. In 1860, Bishop Michael O’Connor of Pittsburgh resigned and recommended Seelos as the most qualified candidate to succeed him. Seelos wrote Blessed Pope Pius IX asking “to be liberated from this calamity” as he explained his inadequacies. Learning another priest was chosen for the position, Seelos joyously said, “I would rather be bishop of my students than bishop of Pittsburgh.”

After a military draft in 1863 required all men to serve during the Civil War, Seelos traveled to Washington, D.C., to seek an exemption for Redemptorist seminarians. In a meeting with President Abraham Lincoln, he obtained the exemption. Not long after, Seelos unfortunately was removed from his office. Others in the order faulted him for not being strict enough, and this caused him great sorrow.

From 1863 to 1866, Seelos was a travelling missionary. He preached in English and German throughout many states between Rhode Island and Missouri. After spending a few months at a Detroit parish, Seelos arrived as pastor of Assumption Church in New Orleans in 1866, prophetically stating, “I have come here to pass the rest of my days and find a last resting place.”

In New Orleans, Seelos was known for his devoted service to the poor and marginalized. Caring for the victims of an outbreak of yellow fever, Seelos contracted the disease himself. Suffering intensely but patiently, Seelos died on Oct. 4, 1867, at the age of 48. A miracle was attributed to Seelos’ intercession the next day, when the sickly Christine Holle touched his hand and was instantly cured of all pain. His remains were buried that day in the New Orleans church where he died.

His feast day is Oct. 5.

Michael R. Heinlein is editor of Simply Catholic.

When St. Theodora Guérin (1798-1856) was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI in 2006, the pontiff almost understatedly summed up her life and holiness when he said, “With great trust in divine providence, (she) overcame many challenges and persevered in the work that the Lord had called her to do.” Indeed, Guérin’s life was full of challenges, and the way she responded to them shows how she lived as a saint.

Anne-Thérèse Guérin was born in France’s Brittany region in 1798. Early on, she decided to dedicate her life to God, telling the priest who administered her first Communion that she planned to be a nun. While her father’s naval work often kept him from the family home, her mother’s influence was strong and loving. After her father’s murder, Guérin returned her grief-stricken mother’s love as she cared for her mother and her sister. She lived a simple holiness knowing, “we are not called upon to do all the good possible, but only that which we can do.”

Entering the convent in 1823 at nearly 25 years old, Guérin became a Sister of Providence to educate and care for the poor. She was given a fitting new name, Sister St. Theodore, which is Greek for “gift of God.” At the age of 42, Guérin’s reliance on God’s providence soon became even more important when she accepted an assignment to the Indiana frontier.

Bishop Celestin de la Hailandiere of Vincennes, Indiana, asked the superior of Guérin’s order to send sisters as teaching missionaries to his Hoosier diocese. Guérin’s superior knew of only one sister who could lead the mission, and the humble Guérin was troubled to learn she was chosen for the task. After all, she long suffered from the effects of a disease-curing medication that rendered her tolerant of only an extremely limited diet. She accepted the mission only after a great deal of prayer with a heart dependent on God’s will, fearing that if she didn’t go, no one would.

In 1840, travelling with five other sisters, Guérin arrived in Indiana. After a meeting with the bishop, they arrived in Terre Haute, Indiana, first coming to a chapel with the Blessed Sacrament. “We found waiting for us in a poor log cabin our God, our ALL,” Guérin said. First lodging in the home of a pioneer family, the sisters got right to work building the infrastructure making it possible to open their school within a year — a school that still exists today as Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College. Filled with missionary zeal, Guérin would establish nearly a dozen schools and two orphanages throughout Indiana.

Guérin experienced almost every imaginable hardship on the Indiana frontier: anti-Catholicism, anti-feminism, misunderstandings, fire, hunger and illness. The woman of perseverance accepted it all in providence, “Does it matter what becomes of us, provided God’s will be accomplished?”

One of Guérin’s most notable challenges in Indiana was the difficulties she encountered with Bishop de la Hailandiere. Unable to work well with the sisters, the bishop sought more and more control of them. Guérin was eventually forced to return to France for advice from her superior, and it was decided that she should establish a new order back in Indiana. In her absence, the bishop made matters worse. On her return, the bishop even locked Guérin in a room hoping to obtain her resignation. The bishop created further problems for Guérin and the wider community until he resigned in 1847. In those years of pain and suffering, Guérin experienced her share in the cross. Ever reliant on God’s providence, she proved strong in leadership and holiness, and urged her sisters, “Put yourself gently into the hands of providence.”

St. Theodora Guérin died at age 57 in 1856 at the motherhouse of the Sisters of Providence Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, the order she founded. She knew what it was to live as a saint, and teaches us about our call to the same: “What have we to do in order to be saints? Nothing extraordinary; nothing more than what we do every day. Only do it for his love.”

Her feast day is Oct. 3.

Michael R. Heinlein is editor of Simply Catholic.

The Mohawk village of Ossernenon was the site of the gruesome and torturous martyrdom of St. Isaac Jogues and his companions just a decade before. But in 1656, the village near present-day Auriesville, New York, brought a further and strikingly different significance to the story of American Catholicism — the birthplace of the first Native American canonized saint. Known as the Lily of the Mohawks, St. Kateri Tekakwitha (1656 – 1680) embraced a countercultural Gospel wholeheartedly, committing herself entirely to Christ.

Kateri’s Christian journey started at birth. She was the daughter of a Mohawk-captured Christian Algonquin woman who married a Mohawk war chief. Her mother planted the seeds of Christian faith in her soul at an early age. These seeds would eventually bloom into a beautiful lily of purity and holiness, as her epitaph is translated, “the fairest flower that ever bloomed among red men.”

A smallpox outbreak killed her parents when Kateri was a toddler, and she was taken in by an aunt and uncle who raised her in a nearby village. Kateri’s face was scarred, and her eyesight was damaged due to the disease. Her talents in basket weaving, gathering crops, working with animal skins and cooking made her a more than suitable candidate for marriage. Nonetheless, attempts at arranged marriage were resisted by Kateri. Her heart desired God alone.

Her family became concerned about Kateri’s disinterest with marriage. She again resisted marriage to a young man they chose, this time hiding in a nearby field. Her family hoped Kateri, who was punished with ridicule and hard labor, would find marriage an easier life. When at home due to an injury, while other women in the village were harvesting, Kateri first encountered Jesuit missionaries. After studying the Faith with them, Kateri was baptized by Father Jacques de Lamberville on Easter Sunday in 1676, near present-day Fonda, New York. She was then named Kateri, a form of Catherine typically given to converts, in honor of the great virgin-saint from Siena.

Kateri’s public faith caused a great deal of persecution among the Mohawks and within her family. After six months of mockery and accusations of magic, she knew she needed to move on. Father de Lamberville arranged for Kateri to relocate to a village more conducive to Christian Mohawks in 1677 — the Jesuit mission of Kahnawake near present-day Montreal. Kateri’s virtuous reputation grew quickly, as seen when Father de Lamberville wrote of her to the priest in charge at Kahnawake, “You will soon know what a treasure we have sent you. Guard it well then! May it profit in your hands, for the glory of God and the salvation of a soul that certainly is very dear to him.”

In Kahnawake, Kateri found an environment in which she could enter more deeply into union with Christ. She took upon herself a variety of bodily penances, including strict fasting and mortifications. Eventually it became clear why she resisted marriage so long. Kateri consecrated her virginity to Christ in 1679, saying, “I have consecrated myself entirely to Jesus, son of Mary, I have chosen him for husband and he alone will take me for wife.”

After the effects of her penances weakened her health, Kateri’s last days were spent in great suffering. St. Kateri Tekakwitha died at age 24 on April 17, 1680, uttering the last words, “Jesus, I love you!” Afterward, witnesses saw the scars she bore since childhood miraculously begin to disappear.

Kateri inspires those who embrace a countercultural Gospel. Pope Benedict XVI emphasized this at her 2012 canonization, saying, “Kateri impresses us by the action of grace in her life in spite of the absence of external help and by the courage of her vocation, so unusual in her culture. In her, faith and culture enrich each other! May her example help us to live where we are, loving Jesus without denying who we are.”

St. Kateri Tekakwitha is a saint for those persecuted for piety, and her feast day is July 14.

Michael Heinlein is editor of Simply Catholic. Follow him on Twitter @HeinleinMichael. 

Miguel Serra (1713-1784) was born off the Spanish coast on the island of Mallorca, baptized on the day of his birth in 1713 because his two older siblings hadn’t survived childhood. When he was 15 years old, Miguel decided to begin priestly studies and wanted to become a Franciscan. He wasn’t accepted at first because of his age and sickly nature, but his second try was successful and he embarked on a vocation that would last more than half a century.

The young Franciscan excelled in the spiritual practices of the order by his first vows in 1731 — taking the name Junipero after a companion of St. Francis himself. Missionary zeal got into his blood early when he read about the brave South American missionary St. Francis Solanus, who had been recently canonized. Little did St. Junipero Serra know that he would go on to evangelize western North America and become the first canonized American saint of Hispanic origin.

Before turning 30, Serra quickly became known for his intellectual gifts and was appointed a philosophy professor. His success in religious life and the academy did not keep Serra from following his heart’s truest calling, and he asked his superior for permission to travel to North America to evangelize the natives in 1748. Abandoning his promising academic career, Serra set out from Mallorca for the first and last time.

Serra and his brother friars arrived in New Spain in December 1749 after a few weeks in Puerto Rico. They were destined for Mexico City — capital of the future Mexico — travelling nearly 275 miles by foot to get there, as Franciscans didn’t allow travel by horseback. During the journey, an insect bite caused a leg infection that dogged Serra until he died.

In Mexico City, Serra didn’t settle for long into the College of San Fernando, a Franciscan school for training New World missionaries, before he volunteered to oversee different missions. Responding generously and lovingly to the needs of the poor and vulnerable in his charge, Serra began to garner a reputation as an advocate for the natives in the face of the government of New Spain. Serra became presidente of the missions in California after King Charles III expelled the Jesuits from all Spanish territories. Starting in 1769, Serra was responsible for building a network of missions in modern-day California that supported the natives in developing a variety of skills, but their main purpose was to spread the Gospel.

He established his headquarters midway up the California coast at Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Carmel, and began receiving natives into the Church. Conversion was not demanded of them, but ample preparation was required if they chose to convert.

An outspoken defender of the natives’ human rights, Serra fearlessly called out the government for their widespread physical and sexual abuse and denounced the death penalty. As the tensions increased, Serra decided to make a trip to Mexico City to promote a mission that desired salvation of souls over domination and conquest. During his visit with the king’s viceroy of New Spain, Serra presented rules that served as the basis for the first major laws of California. Serra returned to California in 1774.

The political battles wore on. Serra continued establishing missions and served as minister of the Sacrament of Confirmation throughout the missions. At 70, he was worn out from a life spent in service to the Gospel. On Aug. 28, 1784, Serra died a happy death at the Carmel Mission.

St. Junipero Serra’s missionary zeal leaves a lasting and relevant example for all Catholics. At his canonization, Pope Francis described Serra as the personification of “a Church which goes forth,” “who testified to the joy of the Gospel in these lands” under the motto “Keep moving forward.” Francis concluded his canonization homily by stirring us out of our complacency so that with Serra we may “be able to say: Forward! Let’s keep moving forward!”

His feast day is July 1.

Michael R. Heinlein is editor of Simply Catholic. Follow him on Twitter @HeinleinMichael.